Coursework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coursework - Assignment Example Beginning April 2016, the 3% supplement for diesel vehicles will be rejected (Deloitte, 2012). The other significant alterations that have been made incorporate prohibition of certain security upgrade, which won't be considered from now on, as extras while evaluating the benefit’s comparing to the money esteem in regard to organization vehicles utilized for private reason. These changes will be placed into power from 6 April 2011 and will be applied reflectively. Private fuel advantage The benefit’s money proportionate in regard to free fuel offered to representatives will increment on the grounds that the multiplier used to appraise them will be expanded from ?18,800 to ?20,200, a change that produced results from April 2012. Moreover, this multiplier will additionally increment by 2 percent over the expansion rate, producing results from 2013 up to 2014. Capital recompenses and rent rental limitation There will be an expansion (up to April 2015) of the time through wh ich 100 percent of capital remittances for the underlying year are permitted on vehicle costs. In any case, beginning April 2013, the emanations estimation will drop off from 110g/km to 95g/km; moreover, this estimation will be consolidated into the principle pool and charged 18 percent for every annum rather than 8 percent unique rate pool, which will drop off from 160g/km to 130g/km. In this respects, charge alleviation stretched out to businesses will be pegged on the rent rentals for vehicles whose discharge surpasses 130 g/km (restricted at 15%) (Deloitte, 2012). Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) The VED increment was lined up with the Retail Prices Index (RPI) as of April 2012. In any case, the Government communicated enthusiasm for revoking the computation of VED over the medium term dependent on the perspectives assembled from motoring gatherings (Deloitte, 2012). QUESTION TWO Petrol driven 5 entryway hatchback, with CO2 outflows of 139g/km Employee profit by vehicle = ?18,000* 85/1 00*40/100*18/100 = ?1,101.60 Since the representative is furnished with fuel for private utilization of the organization vehicle, this advantage will be burdened. The incentive to be burdened is pegged on the engine’s eco-friendliness. The rate charge for this advantage is equivalent to for the vehicle advantage and, along these lines, it will be determined as follows: . ?20,200*40/100*18/100 = ?1,454.4 The complete expense to the supervisor is ?1,101.60 +?1,454.4 = ?2,556 Although the fuel benefits have pulled in some duty, I would encourage the director acknowledge petroleum for private motoring, which is given by his manager since this will prompt some different advantages. These advantages, which are not moreover burdened incorporate protection, fixes, upkeep and overhauling, Membership of a motoring association, and street charge. In a perfect world, the money estimation of these advantages is more than the vehicle charge paid because of the fuel utilized for private rea son. In that capacity, the representative will get at any rate ?600 for every annum relying upon the dependability of the vehicle. In any case, if the chief is certain that declining to take the powering advantage won't prompt protection expands, at that point they can too select to get rid of the advantage. Cost to the business Capital recompenses 20% is guaranteed on the recorded cost each year; in this way, the accompanying capital remittances will be asserted for the year finishing 31st March 2013: The vehicle doesn't fall under low-outflow class since it surpasses 110g/km of CO2 and, hence, the 110 percent finding for the first

Jewish Conservatisism Essays - Religion, Judaism, Culture

Jewish Conservatisism Moderate Judaism: Inception, History and Way Of Life The term Conservative had been joined to the conservatives by the Reformers in light of the fact that the conservatives had marked them as radicals. This name scarcely depicts the development apropos. Moderate Judaism, is the American variant of the standards of positive chronicled Judaism. The preservationists acknowledge the discoveries of current grant that Judaism is the result of a significant stretch of development and advancement. Be that as it may, this procedure didn't bring about broken or conflicting lines of advancement; an incredible opposite, the significant flows of Judaism run reliably through the broad writing of the Jewish individuals, made in progressive ages. (Rudavsky 338) Traditionalist Judaism is one of the biggest of the different orders of Judaism. Preservationist Jews make up around 40-45% of those Jews who member. Traditionalist Judaism acknowledges the possibility that Jewish law is authoritative upon Jews. Moderate Jews have a commitment to comply with all the lessons and instructions of Judaism., For instance, Conservative Jews accentuate the laws of keeping the Sabbath and keeping legitimate. Moderate Jews accept that Jewish law is equipped for advancement as people get familiar with deciphering the Torah. Hence, Conservative Jews have changed a portion of the prior translations. People venerate together in Conservative places of worship, individuals may ride in a vehicle on the Sabbath to go to administrations, and ladies can be appointed as rabbis. Issac Leeser is by and large viewed as the important harbinger of Conservative Judaism in the United States. A local of Westphalia, Lesser procured his strict and mainstream instruction before coming to American in 1824. He settled in Richmond, Virginia, where he was utilized for quite a long while in his uncles business. Simultaneously, he helped the hazzan in the strict school of the nearby Sephardic gathering. During this period, he picked up unmistakable quality by distributing various articles with regards to Jews and Judaism in American and remote journals.(Dimont 231) A few Jews who associate with the Conservative group guarantee that their fundamental purpose behind having a place is the way that they dont need to be Orthodox nor Reformed. While a few people depict themselves as Conservative due to their estrangement from Orthodox practices, others characterize themselves from the other way they call attention to that they are not change. (Sklare 206) For the most part, Conservative Jews feel that if one somehow managed to be improved they would not so much be Jewish. The Reformed faction, dissimilar to the traditionalist don't comply with the greater part of the Jewish laws and customs. Traditionalist Jew depicts Reform as cold, churchlike, or going excessively far, as opposed to as being rebellious or blasphemous. (Sklare 206) Albeit Conservative Jews don't connect themselves with the Reform development, they are still impacted by a portion of their thoughts. Conservatism has acquired some of the advancements organized by the Reform wing. Universality, especially in America has done in like manner, however to a lesser degree. Among these progressions are the improved etiquette, the utilization of the vernacular and the standard message at administrations, just as affirmation practices in different structures. Blended seats, the organ, and the disposal of the beatitude by the consecrated standing are among the changes embraced by the Conservative congregations.(Gordis 122) Traditionalist Judaism says that the laws of the Torah and Talmud are of celestial beginning, and orders the accompanying of Jewish Law. Simultaneously, the Conservative development perceives the human component in the Torah and Talmud, and acknowledges present day grant that shows that Jewish works additionally show the impact of different societies, and all in all can be treated as chronicled records. The originators of the Conservative development, the most youthful gathering in present day Judaism, had no desire to make another arrangement in Judaism. They looked for, rather, to join all Jews who had an uplifting mentality toward Jewish custom, regardless of varieties in detail. Regardless, life itself prompted the crystallization of Conservative Judaism, which is committed to the conservatism and improvement of customary Judaism in the cutting edge spirit.(Gordis 216) Since the initiation of Conservative Judaism in the late nineteenth century, it is focused on Judaism as a confidence as well as an arrangement of law, and to the standards of custom conduct. Moderate Judaism officially includes severe Jewish strict act of the laws of diet and Sabbath-recognition.

Are Acronyms Words

Are Acronyms Words As you know, acronyms are letters or phrases that we often use in the same way as we use words. For example, NATO and NASA are acronyms. You just read each as they stand. Sometimes, acronyms dont sound quite right when you read then as words. For example, in a sentence about the FDA, you pronounce each letter of FDA as you would when saying the alphabet, instead of phonetically. Its important to remember each letter of an acronym represents a word, so acronyms arent the same as abbreviations. For instance, we might abbreviate street as St. or avenue as Ave. The letters dont stand for distinct words as they do with acronyms. Then there are acronyms that are composed of syllables, just to make things a bit more confusing. An example of such an acronym would be Benelux. It stands for three countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg, and each country gets two letters in the acronym rather than just one. So, Are Acronyms Words? Linguists seem to agree that acronyms really are words. The linguistic phenomenon they represent is known as blending, and although the use of acronyms was once a lot rarer than it is today, we can quite safely say that acronyms are words, even if they dont appear in any dictionary. Some acronyms are so well-used that instead of asking if these acronyms are words, we use them as such without ever realizing they are acronyms. If anyone ever argues with you when you assert that acronyms are words, you can use these examples to catch them off guard. Base jumping: Have you ever wondered why jumping from high places is called base jumping? In this case, base stands for the kinds of things you can jump off if youre really crazy: Building, Aerial, Span or Earth. Captcha: Have you ever wondered why the letters and numbers we type in to show were human are called captchas? Time for the next bit of trivia! It stands for Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and Humans Apart. Care packages: Most people think a care package is sent to show that someone cares, and this acronym was probably deliberately developed so that people would make that association. In fact, it stands for Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere. Gestapo: Well, its German, so people can be pardoned for not realizing its an abbreviation for Geheime Staatspolizei, but now you do! Radar and Sonar: Surprised? So was I! They stand for Radio Detection and Ranging and Sound Navigation and Ranging respectively. If anyone should argue that an acronym cant be a word, these two words will provide the clinchers to the ensuing argument. Scuba: Now that were getting into the swing of things, you may like to hazard a guess, but its unlikely youll guess Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. Diving would be way less sexy-sounding as a sport if people had to say the whole thing, Im just going Self-Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus diving this weekend. Laser When you read laser in an article, theres a pretty good chance the true meaning of this acronym (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) doesnt instantly pop into your mind. This is another example of how we use acronyms as words without even realizing it. Zip Codes: You guessed it. Zip is an acronym. It stands for Zone Improvement Plan. While you may debate whether or not the plan actually worked to improve the zones, theres no denying that this acronym is often used without people knowing that it is one. For the purpose of counting words when writing an essay, article or book, word counters will treat acronyms as a single word rather than as all the words within their meaning. This can be frustrating when youre trying to reach a certain word count, but a benefit when youre attempting to reduce word count. What if all these examples arent sufficient to convince the person youre debating with that an acronym is really a word? While we never would encourage you to actually use physical force, you may become frustrated enough to consider using Thomas A. Swifts Electric Rifle on them. Whats that? A taser of course! (Photo courtesy of Mat Hampson)

Essay on Film Trailer Portfolio - 770 Words

Film Trailer Portfolio When the task of creating a film trailer was first put to us, I had several ideas for the movies context. The first was of a movie in the action genre that dealt with revenge, whilst the other two were in the horror genre. The horror genre appealed to me more, as a low budget film can still have the desired effect by use of different filming techniques, and I wanted to depend more on a psychological aspect. My first idea was to do a film about a poltergeist. I had watched several films such as Poltergeist, but wanted to create a film that relied less on visual effects, something that leant towards the style of Albert Hitchcock, who is still seen today as the Master of†¦show more content†¦I purchased the Exorcist DVD, which featured a making of documentary. Here I learned of Friedkins strict attention to detail, and also uncovered some of his secrets that made the film so effective. The film features two main techniques throughout the film that I immediately thought about adding to my own film, those being the use of lighting and sound. The film moves from very bright light scenes, such as the films opening in the Middle East, to the darkness of Georgetown (the films setting), or from the clean and well-lit living room of the house, to the black and gloomy mist of the girls bedroom. Why? The sound was used similarly, from eerily quiet to sudden loudness, one scene that uses this is the sharp cut from the Priests gentle dream of his mother, to the piercing scream of the little girl. Why The use of restful music as the main soundtrack in The Exorcist added to the loud and quiet technique Friedkin used, to create the sense that everything is calm. I myself began my trailer using this technique, with some gentle music, so that when things begin to go wrong, the impact is more substantial. The voice that was created for the demon in this film was dubbed in synch after the scenes had been shot. I used this technique to dub in the voice of the priest in my trailer, the line I dare not say was recorded by microphone inputShow MoreRelatedWomen in Spike Lees Bamboozled810 Words   |  4 PagesSpike Lees latest joint, Bamboozled. This theme was attractive to us because we felt the filmmaker had a powerful message to send his audience after viewing the trailer in class. Despite the fact that there is only one woman in a starring role, a multitude of specific and acute ideas are presented by Spike Lee through the film. We were also eager to take advantage of the opportunity to apply what we have learned in class to the thought-provoking and controversial nature of his work. WhenRead MoreThe Disney Studios Marketing Strategy2266 Words   |  10 Pagesdiversifying into live-action film production, television, and theme parks, it was established as a leader in the American animation industry. Mickey Mouse is an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, now he becomes a primary symbol of The Walt Disney Company. Today, the Walt Disney Company is one of the largest media and entertainment organization with five primary units and segments as following, The Walt Disney Studios, including the company s film, recording label, and theatricalRead MoreEssay on Online Movie Marketing2563 Words   |  11 PagesOnline Movie Marketing Films today are now relying more on the Internet for success at the box office and exposure for independent films. Today we are also seeing the copyright laws being pushed to the extreme. It is not uncommon to see the flash of a website at the end of a trailer for a major studio release, in fact is almost compulsory for any major studio to have its own website on the Internet. The Internet is really the only completely world wide marketing tool. Also if the movie provesRead MoreMarketing Strategies for Bmw3197 Words   |  13 PagesThailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. BMW Group is comprises of many segments within its vast portfolio but I would be only concentrating on Automobiles. BMW group are focused on fabricating a variety of tangible products, and also the group has many intangible financial services. The BMW Group’s automotive which I am more interested in this easy is portion of their portfolio consists of the three premium brands: BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce of which I would be more only looking at BMWRead MorePixar Animation5916 Words   |  24 Pagesstudy analysis. In 2006, Walt Disney acquired Pixar, but before we get to all of that, let us start at the beginning. Before Pixar, there was Lucas Films. George Lucas, of Lucas Films, decided in 1979 to upgrade their computer division (Animations, 2012). Lucas had a desire to see how far they could take computer graphics within the film industry. Lucas Films succeeded by creating Andre amp; Wally B., in 1984 (Animations, 2012). Andre amp; Wally B. - First Ever Pixar Short Movie - The Adventures ofRead MoreBmw Strategic Managemnt Essay4653 Words   |  19 PagesThailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam. BMW Group comprises of many segments within its vast portfolio, but I would be only concentrating on Automobiles. BMW group is focused on fabricating a variety of tangible products, and also the group has many intangible financial services. The BMW Group’s automotive which I am more interested in this easy is portioning of their portfolio consists of the three premium brands: BMW, MINI, and Rolls-Royce of which I would be more only loo king at BMWRead MoreThe Link Between Film Industry and Fashion Photography in Bangladesh3256 Words   |  14 PagesAbstract This research was conducted to find out the link between film industry and fashion photography in Bangladesh. Also the main concern was to find out whether development of film industry can contribute to the development of fashion photography or not. Hence, the first task was to find out the current situation of film industry and fashion photography in Bangladesh. Though photography in Bangladesh has developed a lot in past few years but it is still under develop in the sector of fashionRead MoreAnalysis Of Procter Gamble Company2209 Words   |  9 Pagesroots as a Cincinnati soap maker to one of the 20 largest multinational corporations in the world. PG racked up over 76 billion dollars in total sales in 2009. This portfolio is about a campaign that called ‘Thanks mom’ from Procter Gamble Company. This campaign was launched before the London 2012 Olympic games. In this portfolio, first, I will introduce this campaign and Procter Gamble Company. And then I will explain the creative brief about this campaign and analysis this campaign from differentRead MoreThe Disney Company : A Mass Media Corporation, And Family Entertainment Service3155 Words   |  13 Pagesbe proud of, and share with global audiences and customers. The companies mission statement says that â€Å"The Walt Disney Company s objective is to be one of the world s leading producers and providers of entertainment and information, using its portfolio of brands to differentiate its content, services and consumer products.† (Thewaltdisneycompany.com, 2014) Key Competitors The Walt Disney Company is recognised as the worlds 14th Most Valuable Brand by Forbes in November 2014, and 100th in TheRead MoreStrategy Management Hmv4090 Words   |  17 Pagesshows no signs of slowing down. This has left brick and mortar entertainment media sellers scrambling to regain a competitive advantage over digital media providers. HMV Background HMV’s vision â€Å"No-one gets you closer to the music, film and games you love, is the organizational goal that evokes powerful and compelling mental images. (Dess et al, pp. 24) HMV, founded in 1921, became known for its iconic dog and gramophone trademark. The first location was on Oxford Street,

Higher Order Thinking Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Running Head Higher Order Thinking Higher Order Thinking High order thinking is a core of modern education. The main contribution to this theory was made by Benjamin Bloom in 1956. Bloom’s taxonomy can be explained as a classification system of different learning processes. The three lowest levels of taxonomy are knowledge, understanding and application. Three highest levels are analysis, synthesis and evaluation. Analysis has to do with figuring out something on your own, i.e. , an individual cannot be just repeating what he reads or hears. It is seeing how something works. An individual discerns what is connected to what. A student gets at why something is happening. During synthesis process, iIf analysis is taking things apart to see what makes them tick, synthesis is putting things together. Synthesis is solving a problem, making something whole out of a bunch of pieces nobody told you how to put together, or creating or devising something (Bloom, 1956). Evaluation is dec iding on your own, and in an informed way, whether something is preferable; whether it has merit or worth; or whether it is morally right, just, or fair. We will write a custom essay sample on Higher Order Thinking or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Personal Meaning is reflection on the personal significance, consequence, or implication of some object of concern. It is important to help students recognize that all concepts are in some way related to one another. This is one reason concept mapping can be a very powerful evaluation tool. The main limitation of Bloom’s taxonomy is that it is not a strategy but a model which explains main thinking skills. It does not help to solve problems and develop effective critical thinking skills. Bloom explains some ideas and the concept of thinking but he does not explain how this model can be and should be applied to real world situations. His main works on taxonomy are Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Cognitive Dimension (1956). Another model of high order thinking was developed by Robert Marzano. Marzano adopted Bloom’s taxonomy but added new characteristics to the model. This model consists of 8 characteristics: focusing, information gathering, remembering, organizing, analyzing, generating, integrating, evaluating. The ideology of Marzano is based on the idea that: â€Å"When content is new, students must be guided in relating the new knowledge to what they already know, organizing and then using that new knowledge. Knowledge can be of two types: Declarative (i. e., attributes, rules) or procedural (skills and processes). Items of this type are factual and content-specific† (Marzano 1995, p.

The Theme Of Change And Transformation In The Alchemist By...

The Alchemist is a novel written by the Brazilian author Paulo Coelho, originally written in Portuguese in 1988 and later translated to English in 1993, which follows the journey of Santiago on his quest to not only follow his Personal Legend, but also to discover a world full of changes and transformations. Looking at this story at first glance might give you the feel that it will be about a boy on a quest filled with the expected trials that test his heart, strength, and character. Elements like this are present, however, the story makes the reader think deeply about the motif dealing with following the signs the universe gives. This is due to various symbols and motifs, one having to do with omens, that Santiago and many characters†¦show more content†¦The reason Santiago moving from Spain to North Africa and changing the landscape fit with the story’s running theme of change and transformation is because of how he had to adapt. In Part II of The Alchemist, the cha nge of setting reflected change and transformation because of how the crystal shop merchant headed the words of the boy and changed the setting of his crystal shop to attract more customers. This is similar to how Santiago was pushed by his recurring dream to leave his normal environment in search of treasure in a strange and new one. Santiago plays a huge role in the theme is developed throughout the story. This is mostly due to how much the reader sees how Santiago changes as the novel progresses and as he gets closer to completing his Personal Legend. In the beginning of the story it is revealed that Santiago decided to abandon becoming a priest in favor of traveling, which can be interpreted as the earliest sign of change and transformation from the main character before his real journey begins. I found these one day in the fields. I wanted them to be a part of your inheritance. But use them to buy your flock. Take to the fields, and someday youll learn that our countryside is t he best, and our women the most beautiful (Coelho 18). Digging into the story more only leads to more examples of how Santiago changes. One major example thatShow MoreRelatedEssay Archetypal Symbols in the Alchemist1002 Words   |  5 PagesThe Alchemist was written by Paulo Coelho and it was first published in 1988. It was originally written in Portuguese and has since been translated in 67 different languages. It has sold over 65 million copies worldwide and was awarded â€Å"Best Fiction Corine International Award† in 2002. It follows a story of a boy named Santiago who is following his personal legend. The Alchemist has many archetypal themes and symbols including wise old men, women, and the nature around him. Throughout this novelRead MoreA Comparative Analysis of Characters in Oh Brother, Where Art Thou?, Homers Iliad and Odyssey and The Alchemist765 Words   |  3 Pageswhich certain themes appear again and again over time, in literature, religion, mythology, and culture regardless of the geographic location, the economic status, and the time period. Perhaps it is the innate human need to explain and explore the known and unknown, but to have disparate cultures in time and location find ways of explaining certain principles in such similar manner leads one to believe that there is perhaps more to myth and ritual than simple repetition of archetypal themes. In a sense

Freedom Sociology and American Society free essay sample

Freedom Writers is a movie created from the sociological perspectives of a community submerged in social inequality. The systematic study of human social behavior is conveyed in the story of this group of teens, who are taught to fend for their own ethnicity. Unfortunately, teens that are raised in poor economical conditions have a tendency to turn to gangs, where they readily identify themselves. For adolescents is important in order to discover whom they identify themselves with. Although corruption is abundant in the lifes of Eva, Andres, Tito, Marcus, Jamal Etc, Mrs G, came in as guidance, as a lighthouse to their already somber lives. I never really realized the huge impact teachers exert on students until I watched this film. Teachers are supposed to be positive models that encourage and push students to do their best, but in this movie, teachers have lost their purpose due to their own personal problems, or because they feel, they are not rewarded enough for teaching such low class students. They have lost their inspiration to teach, due to certain social inequalities that affect the American society. Ms G is a young, vibrant woman with high hopes and a strong personality. She has not lived enough to lose expectations for her students. It is upsetting to see the frustration teachers feel while schooling students that come from low waged household. In the film, teachers feel less obligated to teach students. All this careless behavior is also the consequence of a bad educational system that fails to not only the students but teachers as well. It comes down to explain the phenomenon and the reinsurance of social reproduction in our open American society. Unfortunately, students that come from an underprivileged background often end up with a poor education. If the child fails in an academic aspect, the fault is directed towards the parents. Societies ideology is usually; the parents are the ones in charge of establishing norms for their children to follow. Education is considered one of those important standards. Society seems to fail in understanding that parents can emphasize the importance of education but without the educational systems support; many students fail to finish school. In freedom writers a teenage immigrant admits to his classmates his struggle with poverty. Despite his desire to give up, his parents continue to encourage him to finish school. If it werent for Ms. G consistency and her hard work perhaps her whole class would have ended up in that same cyclic cycle of violence, drugs, and poverty that lay ahead. Their has to be a balance between the parents and the teachers, both have to identify the importance of education in order for the child to triumph in life. The attitude that most of the teachers displayed in this film was of carelessness and its exactly that attitude that students absorb and apply to their self’s. Theoretical Perspectives Issues of race and ethnicity can be observed through three major sociological perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic interactionism. As you read through these theories, ask yourself which one makes the most sense, and why. Is more than one theory needed to explain racism, prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination? Functionalism In the view of functionalism, racial and ethnic inequalities must have served an important function in order to exist as long as they have. This concept, of course, is problematic. How can racism and discrimination contribute positively to society? Sociologists who adhere to the functionalist view argue that racism and discrimination do contribute positively, but only to the dominant group. Historically, it has indeed served dominant groups well to discriminate against subordinate groups. Slavery, of course, was beneficial to slaveholders. Holding racist views can benefit those who want to deny rights and privileges to people they view as inferior to them, but over time, racism harms society. Outcomes of race-based disenfranchisement—such as poverty levels, crime rates, and discrepancies in employment and education opportunities—illustrate the long-term (and clearly negative) results of slavery and racism in American society. Conflict Theory Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. A conflict theory perspective of U. S. history would examine the numerous past and current struggles between the white ruling class and racial and ethnic minorities, noting specific conflicts that have arisen when the dominant group perceived a threat from the minority group. In the late 19th century, the rising power of black Americans after the Civil War resulted in draconian Jim Crow laws that severely limited black political and social power. The years since then have showed a pattern of attempted disenfranchisement, with gerrymandering and voter suppression efforts aimed at predominantly minority neighborhoods. Feminist sociologist Patricia Hill Collins (1990) developed intersection theory, which suggests we cannot separate the effects of race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and other attributes. When we examine race and how it can bring us both advantages and disadvantages, it is important to acknowledge that the way we experience race is shaped, for example, by our gender and class. Multiple layers of disadvantage intersect to create the way we experience race. For example, if we want to understand prejudice, we must understand that the prejudice focused on a white woman because of her gender is very different from the layered prejudice focused on a poor Asian woman, who is affected by stereotypes related to being poor, being a woman, and her ethnic status. Interactionism For symbolic interactionists, race and ethnicity provide strong symbols as sources of identity. In fact, some interactionists propose that the symbols of race, not race itself, are what lead to racism. Famed Interactionist Herbert Blumer (1958) suggested that racial prejudice is formed through interactions between members of the dominant group: Without these interactions, individuals in the dominant group would not hold racist views. These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, thus maintaining the status quo. An example of this might be an individual whose beliefs about a particular group are based on images conveyed in popular media, and those are unquestionably believed because the individual has never personally met a member of that group. Culture of Prejudice Culture of prejudice refers to the theory that prejudice is embedded in our culture. We grow up surrounded by images of stereotypes and casual expressions of racism and prejudice. Consider the casually racist imagery on grocery store shelves or the stereotypes that fill popular movies and advertisements. It is easy to see how someone living in the Northeastern United States, who may know no Mexican Americans personally, might gain a stereotyped impression from such sources as Speedy Gonzalez or Taco Bell’s talking Chihuahua. Because we are all exposed to these images and thoughts, it is impossible to know to what extent they have influenced our thought processes. Summary Functionalist views of race study the role dominant and subordinate groups play to create a stable social structure. Conflict theorists examine power disparities and struggles between various racial and ethnic groups. Interactionists see race and ethnicity as important sources of individual identity and social symbolism. The concept of culture of prejudice recognizes that all people are subject to stereotypes that are ingrained in their culture.